Most of the current environmental problems caused by human activities and socio-economic environment due to the bad events that affect the earth as a whole in both the present and in the future. The increase of CO2 emissions that accompany the consumption of fossil fuels and global warming result in more poor quality water, waste due to the increasing lifestyle changes, and others. This is an example of environmental problems at the moment.Today, global warming is the most serious problem among the problems which caused the increase in environmental temperature, climate change, rising sea surface water, ecological changes that give greater influence to the basic human existence. In addition, the problem of damage to the ozone layer, acid rain, oksidan fotokimia, and others to give effect to the health and the environment, not only environmental problems air, but also environmental problems of water and land which is in the condition which can not be ignored.
One of the environmental problem of waste is generated from the social and economic activities at this time, in the form of large-scale production, consumption of large-scale, large-scale waste. From the waste and then have problems in the form of earth movement toxic waste from developed countries to developing countries.
Environmental problems can result in destruction of valuable natural environments such as forests, rivers, beaches and others, in addition to damage to the biological diversity that is essential for humans. Therefore the need for international efforts to tackle this.
1. Environmental problems of water
Water provides many benefits to both men to drink, daily life, industry and others. In the natural cycle of water vapor into rain and come down to earth, in the forest, in the land, down to the river and continue to flow to the sea, the evaporation ago to rain again. In the process of pollutant materials are cleaned. In addition, the water between the time of the air and to the river to the sea many times used in various forms as water resources, then returned again to the water cycle. This process gives a great influence to the water, and therefore to give effect to the land and living creatures.
When the cycle is complete can not happen, it will appear different debit instability such as damage to the river water (the emergence of the city due to water damage, the reduced water debit of normal, and others), interruption of water sources, the poor quality water, and other .
Water pollution will provide a broad influence on the flow of rivers and the sea, there is also a deposit in the bottom of the water in the form of hazardous material and has a long-term after several years because these materials can cause interference on human health.
Through the sea pollution could spread to the whole world and have a possible influence to the ecology of animals, especially water.
2. Problems of land
Soil forming factors is the environment that are important, the existence of a basic living creatures, including humans, have an important role for the materials cycle and ecology. Land has a function to produce food, timber, clean air and water to the land, sustain ecological, and others. Damage to the land will give effect to the existence of humans and other living creatures and the ecology. Compared with the water or air, land it is very diverse and response to hazardous materials also vary. The influence of the man usually given to the indirect as the medium through biological or food. They are usually local and different from one place to another.
There is also a problem changing land / dry areas become deserts. According to the UNEP in 1991 in the world there are more than 6.1 billion hectares of dry land, of which 900 million hectares is the area that is a very dry desert sand. This will be a big problem because about 70% of the dry area (3.6 billion ha) or about ¼ wide earth's surface will turn into desert.
3. The problem of waste
Social economic activities at this time a large-scale production, consumption of large-scale and large-scale production of waste. Along with the rising standard of living was increasing the volume of waste, various types of waste, and the reduced capacity of the waste disposal. This is increasing the burden on the environment in each phase to become a source of waste.
In the case of hazardous waste, most visible form of increased cases berpindahnya location of waste processing. Because of the diversity of quality and increasing waste volume of waste, the waste processing move from countries with high cost of processing to countries with lower processing costs, or move from state laws that have strict processing of waste to countries that loose rules. There is a concern when the recipient country does not perform the processing of waste properly, then the country will receive an influence on the environment or ecology. Moving hazardous waste is also a problem. Because the plan to begin to move the waste from developed countries to developing countries, then made a discussion on international based in UNEP, and in 1989 in Basel, Switzerland created a Convention Basel Convention on the Control of Transboundary movements of Hazardous Wastes and Their disposal.
4. Natural environmental issues
Forest Area in the earth is approximately ¼ wide earth's land, on the extent of about 1995 billion in 3454 ha. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), forests in the world, especially tropical forests, throughout the world decrease of 56.3 million ha from 1990 to 1995. Average each year about 11.3 million ha of forest destroyed, and this is about 30% of the total area of Japan. Forest Area, since 1990 until 1995 in developed countries (except Russia) is 8.78 million ha, but in developing countries decreased by more than 7 times the number of growing forest in developed countries or of 65.15 million ha (average per year 11.03 million ha), and speed of the high forest destroyed. Among developing countries, reduction in tropical forest is the most quickly. For non-tropical forest areas in developing countries, from 1990 to 1995 average annual broad forest decreased 430 thousand ha, while the tropical forest is reduced 12.59 million ha. The cause of the reduced tropical forests in developing countries is social and economic problems such as poverty, population increase, land regulations, and others. Because the plant CO2 in the air into organic material through fotomorfosis, tropical forests play a role as a source of CO2 absorption. Reduction in forest akan accelerate global warming rate. Besides mentioned that 50 - 80% of the living creatures on earth live in tropical forests, tropical forests also have an important role in maintaining biological diversity. Reduction in tropical forest will make extinction of animals and plants, and result in decreasing the seeding seeds.
5. Problems diversity of plants and animals other
According to UNEP estimated that there are 3 - 11.1 million species on earth including the plant species that have not been known. When this has been confirmed that there are about 1.75 million species. The variety of species such as this with its level of diversity in the genes, the diversity of ecology, they all referred to as biological diversity. But biological diversity is rapidly destroyed when the forest destruction continues, it is estimated that about 4% -8 types of flora that live in tropical forests will be extinct.
Currently the rate destroyed flora and fauna began already slowed. Type of flora is destroyed not because of natural processes, but mainly because of social economic activities of men. To keep the preservation of plants and wildlife that is made of a convention Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora.
No comments:
Post a Comment