The Influence of Global Environmental Problems Against Human (part 1) (Environmental Issues Air)

Most of the environmental problems caused by the current social and economic human activities. Memburuknya environment due to activities that affect the earth as a whole in both the present and in the future. The increase of CO2 emissions that accompany the consumption of fossil fuels and global warming result in more poor quality water, waste due to the increasing lifestyle changes, and others.

Today, global warming is a problem that most attract attention among the environmental problems that cause the increase in temperature, climate change, rising sea surface water, and ecological changes that give greater influence to the basic human existence. In addition, the problem of damage to the ozone layer, acid rain, oksidan fotokimia, and others to give effect to the health and the environment, not only environmental problems air, but also environmental problems of water and land which is in the condition which can not be ignored.

One of the environmental problem of waste is generated from the social and economic activities at this time, in the form of large-scale production, consumption of large-scale, large-scale waste, and waste and have problems in the form of earth movement toxic waste from developed countries to developing countries.

Environmental problems can result in destruction of valuable natural environments such as forests, rivers, beaches and others, in addition to damage to the biological diversity that is essential for humans. Therefore efforts should be coordinated internationally to tackle this.

1. Global warming

Environmental issues at this time the most interesting concern is global warming. Earth receives energy emanated by the sun and is warm, and cold as a release of energy to space. When energy is in the balance of the earth's temperature will also be fixed and stable. But if the concentration of gas in the air (greenhouse gases), which works to prevent offshore energy space increases, then there imparity and earth surface temperature will increase. The increase in temperature is causing climate change and rising sea surface water. These changes provide a great effect on the basic human existence such as ecology. This is called the global warming problem. IPCC with the WMO as a forum for government-level discussions about the problem with global warming the United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) reported that 64% of greenhouse gases is CO2. By around 80% because the amount of CO2 generated comes from fossil fuel consumption, the reduction of CO2 to be an important topic. It is seen that the global warming result in increased concentration of greenhouse gases, increasing an average temperature of the earth, and rising surface sea water. Both in the IPCC reports based on data in 1995, acknowledges that global warming has been caused because the artificial effect of increasing emissions of greenhouse gases since the occurrence of industrial revolution. Here you can see the influence of heating based on the report to the IPCC-2.

(1) Increasing the concentration of greenhouse gases

Concentration of greenhouse gases in the air constantly during the period before the industrial revolution in the mid-year 1700-an, and then increased after the industrial revolution, and increased very rapidly in the last. According to the IPCC, the concentration of CO2 in the period before the industrial revolution of 280 ppmv to be 358 ppmv in 1994 (ppmv = one part per million, the difference in volume). It is largely as a result of human activity that is largely because the fossil fuels, changes in land use patterns and agriculture.

(2) Climate change and increased sea surface water

Increased concentration of greenhouse gases will increase an average temperature of the earth, and the increase in temperature makes the surface sea water rises through the sea water expansion, pelelehan ice in the polar or high mountain. Since entering this century, the number of known data from the mountain, the ice is reduced, and the visible changes that can become serious problems such as symptoms of extreme high temperatures, increased drought and flooding likely.

According to the IPCC, the earth temperature increased an average of 0.3 - 0.6 OC since the late 19th century (Figure 2) and surface sea water increased from 10 to 25 cm during the last 100 years. Estimated in the year 2100 temperature average of the whole earth 2 increased compared to 1990 OC, the surface sea water will rise 50 cm, and after that year was the temperature will continue to increase. In addition, even if for example the increased concentration of greenhouse gases can be stopped until the end of the 21st century, it is estimated that the increase in temperature and the high surface sea water will continue.

Improvement of surface sea water and a climate that cause extreme concern the increasing flood tide and waves in the coastal region. For example, the surface 50 cm sea level rise, if preventive action is not done then the world's population is vulnerable to wave pairs is estimated to increase from the current number of 46 million people into 92 million people.

(3) Climate abnormal

Due to the increased average temperature of the earth, the rain changed into, it is estimated that rainfall and drought become extreme, and the possibility of a storm increases. Lately, the abnormal form of high temperature that is not normal, flood, drought, and others, seen in every place in the world, and men are encouraged to have the attention to the relationship between the increase of natural disasters and global warming.

(4) Effect on health

Result of increases in average temperature earth, people with diseases such as malaria, yellow fever, and others will increase. According to the IPCC, it is estimated that with increasing temperature 3.5 0C only malaria have increased approximately 5 - 8 million people per year.

(5) Effect on ecology

According to the IPCC, when the climate and the abnormal increase in damage is not thought, with the belief in the supply of food all over the world are in a state of balance, there will be a supply gap of between one very large place with other places because there are areas that have increased production and the region have experienced decrease in production. In the tropics and sub-tropical, on the one hand there is increasing population, the number of reduced food production, have increased the danger of hunger and poor evacuation in the region that includes the dry and half dry.

2. Damage the ozone layer

When the freon, which is artificial chemicals released into the air and reach the stratosphere (room 10 - 50 km above ground), then it will be the cause of damage to the ozone layer in the stratosphere, and this is a problem in recent years. Because the ozone layer as a function to absorb most of the ultra violet rays are harmful to humans, then the ozone layer was damaged when the number of ultra violet rays that reach the earth will rise and this will give bad effects to human health and ecology. The increasing number of ultra violet rays that reach the earth rise to concerns about bad effect on human health such as skin cancer, cataracts, decreased immunity and bad effects of plants on land and water ecology. Lately visible symptoms start called ozone hole, which is increasingly tipisnya the ozone layer in the stratosphere above the south pole, and in the year 1998 ozone hole that occurs is the biggest compared to previous times. Decreasing trend of the ozone layer occurs in almost all regions of the world except tropical.

3. Acid rain

Acid rain is rain water, dew and snow that has a high level of acidity (low pH) due to acid soluble and acid sulphate nitrate. This is mainly because the Sox and Nox emissions from burning fossil fuels to the air. This acid rain due to water on the earth, as the lake water and river water to become sour, and this will give effect to the development and utilization of natural resources, to give effect to the various types of fish, to give effect to the forest because the soil becomes acid, but also directly on the stick wooden buildings or cultural heritage, which caused damage to the building. Thus, the wide range of influences. Acid rain can reach the region 500 - 1000 km from the source separated material causes acid rain, and therefore one of the characteristics is that these symptoms cover a wide area, beyond the state boundaries.

In the United States and Europe where acid rain is a problem first, there are reports about the lake water into the acid, the reduced forest wide, dead fish, and others due to acid rain. The report on this matter, there are in Japan. Acid rain is a problem before in developed countries, is now also increasingly become a major problem in developing countries due to industrialization.

4. Photochemistry Oxidant

Oxidant Photochemistry pollutant is the primary form of Nox and hydrocarbons (HC) were released from factories and vehicles. After receiving the sun will have a reaction Photochemistry changed to secondary materials such as ozone, and this is a cause of the occurrence of fog Photochemistry. Oxidant Photochemistry have a high acid, high in concentration to provide stimulus to the eyes or throat, give effect to the respiratory organs, and also to agricultural products.