Fuel Water

"I believe that one day the water will be used as a fuel hydrogen and oxygen that are structured, used separately or together, will be the source of heat and light that is not utmost, with the power of coal can not afford to produce."
(Jules Verne, The Mysterious Island, 1874)

The world was confused. That expression, which could be used to characterize the situation there now. When fuel oil is still to be pillars of the global energy, the price tends to be uncontrollable and distressing many countries, which have to run helter-skelter adjust budget shopping.

It is reasonable if our mind directed to another alternative energy. these mind give us another goodness when these days there's another issuethat is not less urgent, ie, global warming, where the fuel combustion is believed to be the main cause.

However, although beneficial in the second case above, alternative energy is not easily applied with the reason for each, ranging from community opposition to nuclear energy to the location for limited energy geotermal.

Recently, one of the incentive is covered vegetable energy (biofuel). United States to develop fuel in vegetable form of corn ethanol, while Brazil develop fuel vegetable. from sugar cane. However, here are the problems then appear, especially in the era when food prices soaring. Have become one of the causes of scarcity of food that caused food price increase is the limited agricultural land for food crops because some have been used to plant vegetable crops fuel.

Water fuel

Especially in the section on the energy of water, there is the saying, in fact during this time we have been cheated by scientific circles. Submit evidence of success with the use of water in a variety of machines, what is taught in school should be considered a blunder.

According to the site H2Earth Institute (www.h2earth.org), water can now be used (burned) on the engine's internal combustion engine (ICE) or the turbine, processed into fuel (fuel on-demand), also at that time (real time) , without transportation or storage of liquid hydrogen or compressed, kaustik alkali, catalysts salt, or metal hidrida.

This can be done on the vehicle with one additional tool that powered by vehicle small electric system. So, this basically is to make water as fuel.

This process produces only water vapor as the material out, which can easily be taken back by a radiator and re-circulated in the system when the desired engine.

Ravine in Indonesia

What is promoted by the Institute H2Earth may be difficult to think digested by the conventional nature, how so sure institution is up this idea.

Here, which is made Water Fuel Cell, which is the technology for efficient conversion of water into gas fuel (combustible), known as "hydroxy" or "Brown Gas". This technology can be viewed not languish after the inventor (Stanley Meyer), as well as new gas compound inventor (Dr. Yull Brown), and theorist who think gas production through molecular resonance (Dr. Henry Puharich) all died in mid-1990's.

Perhaps a more closer to our experience so far is what is packed in the concept of hydrogen boost (See site www.hydrogen-boost.com). This is the system performance of distance based on the fuel generator hydrogen gas in the engine. Developers also have this system more complete system which can increase the kilometer range up to 15-25 % per vehicle on the test.

As described in the site, together with a combination of hydrogen and other gas electrolysis (in this case is Brown Gas), inserted in the engine intake will increase the spread of flames during the combustion so that fuel in the form of vapor more can be burned. Benefits of adding hydrogen in internal combustion engines, including diesel engines, has been investigated.

In Indonesia also heard news of the water this energy. As submitted by the ecclesiastic Kirjito Romo in Yogyakarta, last April, friends, Joko Sutrisno, have tried this system for cars and motorcycles. Katana jeep performance for 1 liter of gas is to be 20 km, while for motorcycle, 1 liter for 120 km.

Water that is used to improve the performance of this fuel is now the new supplement. Therefore, Joko still reluctant to publish the system that use it. Joko aspiration alone, according to Romo Kirjito, is utilizing this technology to help rural poor people in obtaining energy efficient.

In Indonesia also heard news of the water this energy. As submitted by the ecclesiastic Romo Kirjito in Kirjito reminded, when the U.S. and Europe have started many steep hydrogen utilization, either for the purpose of industry and individuals, Indonesia should also not lag.

As the implementation of alternative energy, the application of the energy of water as fuel is estimated to be not free from obstacles.

Be honest now recognized that this world is still dominated by the economy of oil-alternative energy, so even though the condition has now been entered in the level of emergency appears still non-priority.

Is there a power that can realize the dream H2Earth Institute to cut off the fuel supply chain so that the community is instantaneous, discontinuous, and radical (disruptive) can switch to new energy technologies that are environmental, economic, and political solutions to provide top of the existing problems and this now?

Alternative Fuel

Yesterday afternoon until evening, auditorium School Business and Management (SBM) ITB appears to be fulfilled by many researchers ITB, government officials, parliament members, journalists, researchers from LIPI and other universities, and researchers from Japan. Date 18 February 2005, new fuel-friendly environment are introduced. Fuel that was developed by researchers at the ITB and the Mitsubishi Research Institute is only the result of oil extraction or distance tree scientifically known as jatropha. Oil from the seeds of this distance can be used as a substitute for direct diesel oil used for diesel engines.

Development of this research project began in 2004, with sponsored by NEDO, New Energy and Technology Development Organization. As the supply of seeds of the distance, choose the NTT in the tree because the distance is a lot of growing wild in the province. During this time, besides growing wild in many of bed in the province, by the people of NTT, the tree distance is only used as a fence plant. "Previously also had become a tool of light," said Frans Lebu Raya, Deputy Governor of NTT present, "The seeds of trees in the distance, such as hair-pin sate ago burned." In culture, the tree distance is already familiar with the NTT. Besides this, the tree is also known distance have the power treatment, especially for skin disease, reduce pain, and laxative. However, the presence of oil and diesel fuel is subsidized NTT-making community and the Indonesian people forget the whole-plant save this great potential.

Performance test results of castor oil is indeed startling. Pure castor oil (straight jatropha oil) BD 100 will have the same performance with diesel oil. The central government itself, yesterday, among others, represented by Dr. Yogo Pratomo, Director General of the Department of Energy and Mineral Resources, Directorate General of Electricity and Energy Utilization and Dr. Luluk Sumiarso, Jentral Secretary Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources, said the promise that the government will help the development and socialization of this alternative fuel. This is mainly supported by the production of castor oil prices that compete with the price of diesel oil without subsidies. Price of oil production is the maximum distance Rp 1000/kg, meanwhile, the price of diesel fuel without subsidies of Rp 1600/kg. "The thought of course need to stay stable supply of oil this distance," said Yogo.

Mindu Sianipar, chairman of the House of Representatives Commission IV that one of its duties in managing the problem of agriculture is also very grateful to the support and the researchers from ITB and Mitsubishi. "This is not merely a business problem," said Mindu, "but also help the villagers." In this opportunity, Mindu also hope to use castor oil used as fuel engine diesel boats fishing. Things that need to be considered is also a law for this product. "Oil and Gas Law will make Pertamina intervence this product," said Mardjono, a member of the House of Representatives Commission IV the other, "The benefits of this product can be used as closely as possible to improve the welfare of the poor rural areas."

Research are Dr. Robert Manurung, from the Department of Chemical Engineering ITB is one of several alternative energy which is developed by ITB. "We are also developing fuel alternatives. For example, biodiesel and fuel ethanol from cassava," said Dr. Reksowardojo Iman, head of Laboratory of Motor Fuel and Propulsi, Mechanical Engineering Department of ITB, which is also a member of the research team is castor oil.

According to Robert, the main benefits of castor oil processing is a cheap and simple. "Machine biodiesel operation is difficult," he said, "installation can not be done by the farmers. With castor oil, do not need to replace the engine, just with a normal diesel engine. Replace only with the diesel oil diesel fuel, that's it."

Another major contribution to the nation's ITB revealed yesterday. In the middle of the issue of fuel subsidy reduction, fuel cheaper and environmentally friendly paper by researchers ITB will provide fresh air for the Indonesian people, especially people who depend on weak economy with the diesel fuel, such as for fishing boats and farmers motornya for milling rice. Meanwhile, the sleeping area, particularly in parts of Eastern Indonesia can work as a regional culture that distance localization. Of course, this will improve the welfare of the people in the area. Does not need mine anymore. Enough to plant it!

Wormhole

In fact there are stories of adventure penetrate through space and time travel that far up, but can cut through space and time trying to travel through a wormhole, maybe? What are some comments that lead to the words of the miraculous. So tickle, what is actually the wormhole?

Wormhole? Wormhole is the 'something' that is theoretically. At least until this article was written second, wormhole only have theories on paper, or appear in films and books science fiction. The existence of the wormhole theory began when Albert Einstein introduced the Theory Relativitas General. Einstein showed that mass can make the space (time) curve / bend, the greater the mass, the more curved space (time). Be difficult?

In 1919, Arthur Eddington proved, at the time when that happens Total sun eclipse, the stars around the Sun is observed in a position shifted from the position that it should. Of course, at the time of eclipse, the stars can be observed in the afternoon. Observation and evidence shows that Einstein was correct. How stars can be shifted from the position that it should? Because the gravity field direction Sun prescind stars gleam.

But evidence of light bending by the sun during eclipse is not related to the wormhole. Verification by Eddington showed that Einstein Relativitas theory is true. From the theory, a fundamental idea that we know then is that the mass affects space (and time). In general, closely associated with the gravity geometry, how the light can turn, did not imagine before. Simply, how the relationship gravity and geometry can be described as the picture below.



Need to be understood that prior to Einstein, space and time are two separate entities, but the Einstein theory that space and time is a single entity that is not integral. Thus, the geometry needs to be understood here as the space-time relationships.

Back on the job Einstein, the theory of Einstein theory of mathematical practice, known as the Einstein field equation, and the solution is known as Scwarzschild solution. Solutions construe this theory about the gravity field on the symmetry of the mass-ball, not berotasi. This is a solution that will become the cikal-blackhole (Blackhole Schwarzschild).

In the year 1916, not long after Einstein introduced the theory Relativitas; Ludwing Flamm realize that Einstein equation has another solution, known as the White Hole, and that the second solution is the two disjoint regions in space-time (even) that terhubungkan (mathematically) by the existence of an 'alley' space-time. Because the theory has not said where the space time in the real world, so it can be black-hole as the entrance and white as the exit hole, but could be in the same world with us (the space that we can understand), or in the room and the other (the other, parallel universe, past, present, future?). However, the law violates the White Hole-2 to thermodynamics, as such, the existence of the White Hole received the difficult easy.

In the year 1935, Albert Einstein and Nathan X learn more regard and Black Hole White Hole is, that the formulation of the theory Relativitas General, the structure of space-time warp may connect two regions of space-time is far away, through a similar form of alley, as a shortcut in space. This work is formally known as the Einstein-X bridges. The goal is not to learn the travel faster than light travel or inter-universe, but more on the search for explanations on the fundamental particles (like electrons) in space-time. Einstein X-bridge is also known by another name, such as Lorentzian Wormhole or Schwazschild wormhole.

In the year 1962, John Wheeler and Robert Fuller indicates that the wormhole type bridge Einstein-X is not stable, the light can not be through any moment wormhole form. Then, if the wormhole can not be passed? (Traversable)? We will review the traversable wormhole immediately later.

However, since that time, the theory of wormhole continually reviewed; likewise, urban legend about the wormhole is present in the middle of the community, especially in science fiction literature.

Scientific theory about the growing wormhole: all have the same principle, the mathematical solution of the geometrical relationship between a point in space-time point with the other, where the relationship can behave as a 'shortcut' in space-time.

How wormhole form? Back on Earth picture illustration. If there is curved space-time at a point, and kelengkungan connected with the space-time on the other, then so is the image of a wormhole. As illustrated in the following, as though everything is beautiful and fun. Doraemon as the doors, we open its doors, and we come to a place far away. beautiful science fiction



Wormhole related to the relationship in space-time, known as Laurentzian wormhole. Relationship, of course, it is said here as a shortcut, because: If traveling from the Gateway to the Moon, can be done much faster, even faster rate than light through normal channels. (Of course, meaning faster than the rate because the light path using a shortcut, not because 'the rate faster than light'). That, of course, if the trip can be done through a wormhole.

However, the complexity arises, because, whether we can determine the end of the trip we? Whether we will be out in the end, in the same universe? Or in the parallel universe? Or we appear in the same time? What we show in our time? Or in the past? Or the future? Of course all possible, because Laurentzian wormhole is a product of the General Theory Relativitas stating that all moving in both space and in time.

Lorentzian wormholes divided into two types:
1) Inter-universe wormholes, wormholes that connect our universe with the 'universe' of others. This is the allegation about the existence of parallel universe.
2) Intra-universe wormholes, wormhole connecting two regions in the same universe.

There is also another wormhole known as the Euclidean wormholes, which, this wormhole in the process have a very micro, as a main concern of experts quantum field theory. Thus, this type of wormhole, at the time this will not be discussed, and Laurentzian wormhole is a wormhole that we study.

Back to the question, whether we might travel through the wormhole? Kip Thorne and Mike Morris in 1988 suggests that the wormhole can be maintained in practice kestabilannya exotic materials (materials that are still theoretical, and has not been found in the world, with behaviors such as mass or reject the negative gravity, instead of abiding in the Newton gravity law). Model theory is known as the Morris-Thorne wormhole. Theories are then developed to maintain stable wormhole, so that it can be, until now on the arguments that there is no material that we ketahi can berperanan to maintain stability, as it requires the existence of negative energy.

Although the wormhole is still a theoretical discourse (and urban legend), but there is no evidence that could support the existence, both from the observation and experiment. Wormhole and whether it is not possible? Or the wormhole can be made?

Theoretically, we could build a wormhole. How? So that the space-time can terlipat required materials and energy which is very unusual, so we seek to live a very dense material in the space there, a course, from the stars ne (u) Tron. Why do stars netron? Stars netron is the type of star that its mass reaches 1.35 to 2.1 times masssa sun, but with a radius of only 20 to 10 km, reaching 30 thousand - 70 thousand less than the Sun. Thus, the heavy-type stars of netron reach 8 × 10 ^ 13 to 2 × 10 ^ 15 g / cm ^ 3.

How many? "Secukupnya" - the giant ring can be formed seukuran beset Sun orbit the Earth. Then, create a ring on the other the other end. After the construction of a giant ring in the second edge is completed, provide voltage electricity which is very high, on both ends, played until the rate reaches light - both of them, and voila, travel across space-time immediately.

The fact that cut through time travel, when the jump to the future that can be received, because it does not conflict with the Special Theory Relativitas, but if his travel back in time? That's a controversy, difficult to understand, can even cause a paradox.

When, one of the ends of the wormhole that was created earlier is driven with a light pace for pace, and according to the theory of Special Relativitas, the pace of things, reach light speed, time to be running slowly; relative movement is to create the time difference between them. So that the alley that are ultimately different time. If that's the end of the silent, someone moving to the far future, but of the, from the end of the move, he will return to the past!

Is the kontroversinya, if someone returns from the future, then kill the parents before he was born, and how he can be 'no' and carry out the mission to kill the parents? With knowledge of Quantum theory, Stephen Hawking introduces' Konjektur Chronology Protection ', which can' protect 'the time between trips. Because in theory, in the alley-pair particles antipartikel continuously create and negate each other, with the brim with energy so intense, can even exceed the energy required for exotic wormhole opened gate. And, wormhole will be disrupted and closed, even before the time machine created. Then if the machine so that time is not possible?

Whatever that may actually happen, whether as a wormhole time machine have? Can happen? Or as a portal between the rooms? All are still open, still waiting on that long, because it should still search for the understanding and unification theory quantum mechanics and gravity. Still much to be learned, and if interested join learn, that many have not understood, while waiting, let the author of science fiction tells about exotic wormhole.

Whether this wormhole?